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Solving Pigeon Problems
More and more municipalities are developing strategies for peacefully coexisting with pigeons.
Effective management plans involve
educating the public and, often,
keeping pigeons out of certain areas.

Pigeon Facts
Pigeons, or rock doves, have been around for several million
years. They have a life span of about 15 years and can sense
the Earth’s magnetic field through the use of a magnetic “map” inside their beaks.
Pigeons pair for life, and
both parents care for their
young. Pigeons flock in
large numbers to protect
themselves against cats,
hawks, owls and rats. Even
so, up to 35 percent of a
pigeon population may perish annually from natural causes and predators. Pigeons naturally stabilize their own populations
in accordance with food supply and other factors.
Pigeons are very intelligent. “Pigeons commit new images to memory at lightning speed. …They organize images of things
into the same logical categories that human beings use when
we conceptualize.” (1) Return to top

The Myth of Disease
The most widespread misconception about urban pigeons is
that they are carriers of disease. The truth is that the vast
majority of people are at little or no health risk from pigeons. In
fact, a child attending school is many times more likely to get a
disease from another child than from neighborhood pigeons.
It is no surprise that pest control companies charge pigeons
with transmitting histoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis, psittacosis,
crypttococcosis, salmonellosis, meningitis, tuberculosis
and encephalitis. Of these diseases, histoplasmosis and crypttococcosis
are the only ones that could be
linked to large bird populations, even though
pigeons themselves are not infected with and
are not carriers of the diseases. These fungi
occur naturally in soil. When bird droppings mix
with the soil over a period of years, they can enrich the soil in
a way that favors development of airborne spores, and people
who live near sites where pigeons roost may be exposed.
The symptoms of infection generally resemble a mild cold.
People recover without medical intervention and develop a
natural resistance against further infection. Much of the population
has already been affected, developed an immunity,
and never been aware of it. Histoplasmosis is rare in dry
states because it requires moisture to grow. Salmonellosis and toxoplasmosis are more commonly contracted
from undercooked, contaminated meat. (2)
There is no evidence linking the other diseases to pigeons. In
fact, most of them are so common in nature, so rare in humans
or so mild in their symptoms that pigeon control is pointless. Return to top

The Problem
Accumulated pigeon droppings can damage buildings,
monuments and automobiles and may require professional
removal. Further, some building owners complain
about nests blocking drains or birds creating roof damage.
Removing the birds in question may seem like the obvious
answer, but killing the birds is never a solution. The installation
of barriers is not only humane, but is also less expensive
and more effective over the long term. Return to top

Humane Bird Control
Birds settle in areas that suit their needs. Therefore, an effective
program of bird control consists of making the designated
area as uninviting as possible through conditioning
and exclusion. Building codes should be modified if needed
to include provisions for bird proofing.
Conditioning birds to avoid an area
through the use of noises, mirrors, etc.,
should be done as early as possible
to effectively discourage them from
settling in. It is important to vary the
deterrents so the birds do not get accustomed
to them. Don’t feed the
birds, and eliminate food and litter
from the area.
Open areas, such as vents, lofts or eaves, can be sealed to
prevent birds from nesting in the holes. Openings in lofts,
church steeples and other enclosed spaces can be
screened with one-half inch mesh hardware cloth. Any such
exclusion must be done when the birds are not inside.
Very simple modifications in a building’s structure can discourage
birds from landing or nesting on the building. Steel,
wood or stone angles on building ledges and light fixtures
prevent pigeons from nesting. Birds can be discouraged from
roosting on such flat surfaces by using boards or sheet metal
to create a 45° or greater slope. The Randolph Center at
Broadway and Walnut in Boulder, Colo., uses this technique
effectively in its parking garage.

Bird barriers, such as
a thin metal coil resembling
a “slinky”
toy, can be fastened
to a building ledge to
discourage birds
from landing. Birds
can be deterred
from roosting on railings and pipes by installing Mylar™ tape
streamers or a single strand wire barrier two inches above
the center of the surface.
Netting can be used to exclude birds from virtually any
type of structure, from a house to an office building. To
keep birds off window ledges, the netting is anchored to
the roof, draped across the front of the structure and then
tightly secured to the base and sides of the building. Netting
can be used under bridges or inside buildings where
pigeons perch on beams, girders, struts and supports.
Ropel™, a foul-tasting
deterrent, can also be
sprayed on an area.
Other deterrents include
soft plastic
spikes, flood lamps
and special electronic
sounds. Companies such as Bird Barrier and Bird X offer
many products to scare off or exclude birds from any area.
Scarecrows are often used to control
birds. Models of owls, hawks, snakes
and cats are also available from many
suppliers and vary in effectiveness, depending
on how realistic they are and
how often they are moved. Return to top

Poison: Dangerous and Ineffective
Poisoning wildlife is cruel. Avitrol, a commonly used bird poison,
causes suffering for up to 15 hours before death. (3)
What’s more, humans and other nontarget species can die
or become ill from accidental ingestion of or skin exposure
to small amounts of bird poison.
In 2002, a little boy in Las Vegas brought home a pigeon he’d
found who was dying of Avitrol poisoning. Shortly afterward,
the family began to show poisoning symptoms, and the boy
became very ill. In January 2003, a dog was reported poisoned
in Aurora, Colo., after eating one kernel of Avitrol-laced corn.
According to New York City’s
Avitrol ban, “Avitrol is too
deadly and too blunt an instrument
to be used in an urban
setting.”
Poisoning is unlikely to have
any lasting effect on the number
of pigeons in a given area.
Population densities depend
on the availability of food,
space and shelter. If some pigeons
are killed, more will
take their place, bringing the
flock back to its original size.
According to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, killing birds
can actually create favorable grounds for breeding and
can result in an increase in bird populations. Those who
have traditionally hired exterminators to poison birds actually
save money and frustration by switching to nonlethal
methods. Return to top

How YOU can help
If you find a bird in convulsions or vomiting vomiting, or if you
suspect that a bird has been poisoned, put the bird in a box
and rush her to Greenwood Wildlife Rehabilitation Center Center in
Lyons (303-823-8455). Another option is to take the bird to
a veterinarian. About 50 percent of poisoned birds can survive
with prompt treatment.
Use caution when handling the bird and avoid skin contact. Always report such birds to Boulder Animal Control
(303-442-4030). If the bird dies, turn the body over to Animal Control.
References
Urban Wildlife Society
www.urbanwildlifesociety.org
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
757-622-7382, www.peta.org
Humane Society of The United States
202-452-1100
Footnotes
(1) Browne, M.W., “How Do You Tell a Chair From a Cat?”
The New York Times, Dec. 6, 1988.
(2) Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta.
(3) MSU Pesticide Safety Education, Apr., 2005.
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